Objective To explore the impact of the mobile healthcare-based continuous intelligent intervention on the self-care ability, skin condition, social and psychological adaptation level, and quality of life of patients with permanent colostomy after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. Methods A prospective randomized controlled design was adopted. A total of 100 patients with permanent colostomy who were admitted to Mindong Hospital of Ningde City from June 2020 to June 2025 were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n＝50) and an intervention group (n＝50). The control group received standard continuing care; the intervention group, on the basis of the control group, received a 6-month mobile healthcare intervention comprising structured educational videos, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered stoma image alerts, online consultations, an anonymous peer support community, and adherence monitoring. After 6 months of intervention, the scores of the Stoma Self-Care Scale-General Version (SSCS-GV), the scores of discoloration, erosion and tissue overgrowth (DET) of the peristomal skin, the scores of the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23 (OAI-23), and the scores of the Stoma Quality of Life (Stoma-QOL) questionnaire were compared between the two groups. The occurrence of complications was also recorded. Results After 6 months of intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher SSCS-G scores [(79.77±5.68) points vs. (65.41±6.02) points] and Stoma-QOL scores [(71.15±8.56) points vs. (59.33±9.04) points] compared to the control group (all P＜0.001). The intervention group also showed a significantly lower DET score [(1.92±0.84) points vs. (2.18±0.75) points, P＝0.041] and a higher OAI-23 total score [(71.09±6.24) points vs. (62.18±5.92) points, P＜0.001]. Regarding complications, the overall incidence in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (12.00% vs. 38.00%, P＝0.004), with a statistically significant difference observed specifically for irritant dermatitis (8.00% vs. 22.00%, P＝0.033). Conclusion The mobile healthcare-based continuing intelligent intervention can effectively enhance self-care ability and psychosocial adjustment, improve the specific quality of life of the colostomy, and reduce the risk of irritant dermatitis around the colostomy, providing an evidence-based foundation for the digital transformation of stoma care.