Objective To investigate the quantitative relationship between uterine artery hemodynamic parameters and postoperative pathological muscle invasion depth in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). Methods Retrospectively, the clinical data of 86 patients with EC who were diagnosed through surgical pathology at Queshan People’s Hospital from December 2022 to December 2025 were selected for analysis. The depth of muscular infiltration was evaluated by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before operation, and the pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and ratio of peak systolic/diastolic flow velocity (S/D) of uterine artery were measured by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. At the same time, using the pathological results as the gold standard, Spearman correlation analysis and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the correlation of parameters and diagnostic efficacy. Results The results showed that the values of PI, RI and S/D in the deep muscle infiltration group were significantly higher than those in the shallow infiltration group and the non-infiltration group (all P＜0.01). Moreover, the depth of muscle infiltration is positively correlated with PI (r＝0.712), RI (r＝0.698) and S/D (r＝0.654) (all P＜0.001). In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) of PI for the diagnosis of deep muscle infiltration was 0.891, and the sensitivity was 84.6% and the specificity was 83.3% at the optimal cutoff value of 2.35. Conclusion The hemodynamic parameters of uterine artery in patients with EC are positively correlated with the depth of muscular infiltration, and PI has good diagnostic value for deep muscular infiltration, so the combination of MRI may improve the accuracy of preoperative evaluation.