Objective To investigate the effectiveness achieved in the refined management of laboratory reagents and medical consumables in a comprehensive tertiary grade A hospital after the implementation of the supply-processing-distribution (SPD) model, and to provide practical reference for hospital operational management. Methods A comparative analysis was conducted on key indicators of laboratory reagent and medical consumable management in hospital for 12 months before and after the implementation of the SPD model, including inventory turnover days, inventory accuracy rate, delivery timeliness rate, proportion of near-expiry items, expiration loss rate, and medical staff satisfaction. Results Following the implementation of the SPD model, inventory turnover days, the proportion of near-expiry items, and the expired loss rate all decreased (all P＜0.000 1); the inventory accuracy rate, the delivery timeliness rate, and medical staff satisfaction all increased (all P＜0.000 1). Conclusion Based on the SPD model, the refined management of testing reagents and medical consumables optimizes inventory structure, enhances the standardization of inventory management, improves supply assurance capacity, reduces waste and operational costs, and increases medical staff satisfaction. It represents one of the important pathways for advancing the modernization and refined operation of the supply chain in tertiary grade A hospitals.