Objective To explore curative effect of different laparoscopic surgeries in stage I endometrial cancer and changes of perioperative biochemical stress indexes. Methods A total of 70 patients with stage I endometrial cancer undergoing laparoscopic surgery were retrospectively analyzed between June 2022 and June 2025. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into group A (n＝19, radical hysterectomy), group B (n＝22, epifascial hysterectomy) and group C (n＝29, total hysterectomy). The surgical indexes, stress level, quality of life and incidence of complications in the three groups were compared. Results In group A, group B and group C, the first leaving bed time, the first exhaust time, hospitalization recovery time, operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly decreased (all P＜0.05). Compared with group A after surgery, levels of cortisol (Cor) and noradrenaline (NE) were significantly lower, while level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in groups B and C (both P＜0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, there was no significant difference in scores of across the various dimensions of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) among the three groups (all P＞0.05). The incidence of complications in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C (both P＜0.05). Conclusion With the increase of resection extent in laparoscopic surgery for stage I endometrial cancer, operation time, intraoperative trauma and short-term recovery time are improved, but long-term quality of life is similar. Compared with epifascial and total hysterectomy, radical hysterectomy will increase the occurrence of postoperative stress and complications.