Objective To investigate the impact of a multidisciplinary nursing team intervention under the theory of selfefficacy on the stress response, psychological state, and compliance of outpatients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy anesthesia. Methods A total of 108 patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy in the outpatient department of Shangqiu Third People’s Hospital from February 2023 to February 2025 were selected and divided into two groups using a random number table method: the study group (54 cases) and the control group (54 cases). The control group received routine nursing interventions, while the study group received a multidisciplinary nursing team intervention based on the theory of self-efficacy. The study compared the stress response indicators [heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)], psychological status [generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)], self-efficacy [general self-efficacy scale (GSES)], compliance [preoperative fasting, intraoperative cooperation, postoperative diet, and Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS)], and the occurrence of adverse reactions before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in HR, RR, SBP, DBP, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and GSES scores between the two groups (all P＞0.05). After the intervention, the study group showed lower scores in HR, RR, SBP, DBP, GAD-7, PHQ scores, and the incidence of adverse reactions compared to the control group (all P＜0.05). Additionally, the study group had higher scores in GSES, preoperative fasting, intraoperative cooperation, postoperative diet, and BBPS compared to the control group (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Self-efficacy theory-based multifaceted nursing team intervention can effectively reduce the stress response of outpatient gastroenteroscopy anesthesia patients, improve their anxiety and depression, improve their self-efficacy and adherence, and reduce the incidence of adverse events.