With the widespread use of high-precision cutting-edge equipment in the medical industry and the increasing demand for precise diagnosis and treatment, traditional medical display technology is facing major challenges. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), optics, microelectronics and other disciplines has promoted the rapid development of naked-eye 3D display technology, and is currently becoming an effective solution to current problems in the field of medical display. This article provides a systematic review of the core principles and classification of naked-eye 3D display technology and typical applications in the medical field, aiming to provide theoretical reference for related research in the current field.