Based on the continuous development of sequencing technology and the Human Genome Project, this article summarizes and analyzes the achievements of medical and bioinformatics workers in the field of lung adenocarcinoma, and elaborates on the research and progress of lung adenocarcinoma biomarkers. The article first introduces the research progress of traditional serum-based lung adenocarcinoma biomarkers and outlines the development process from single detection to combined detection. Secondly, it presents the research progress of lung adenocarcinoma tumor biomarkers based on multi-omics data in the context of precision medicine. Finally, the article provides an outlook on future work in this field, which is beneficial for researchers to accurately grasp the development trends and broaden their research ideas.